APRIAWAN, RIZQI ANDRIA (2024) ALIENATION AND CAPITALISM: A STUDY OF ‘BARTLEBY, THE SCRIVENER’ THROUGH FROMM’S LENS. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Stikubank.
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Abstract
The short story entitled “Bartleby, the Scrivener” contains the theme of alienation. “Bartleby, the Scrivener” by Herman Melville is an interesting short story because it contains a view of alienation within the context of capitalism and delves into psychological effects of alienation. This study examines the theme of alienation which focuses on the social aspect of alienation and the psychology of the character in the short story which focuses on the characteristics of each character's escape mechanism. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with Marxist and psychoanalytic theory of Erich Fromm. In this study, researcher found the theme of alienation heavily influenced by four elements which are long hours work, economic inequality, inability to connect one another, and work as part of the interests of the capitalist system. Using the context of 19th-century American capitalism, the economic and social structures in the story prioritize profit over people is the main factor of “Bartleby, the scrivener” world alienating the characters. Furthermore, researcher found that characters in stories had different types of escape mechanisms in response to their alienating environments. Automaton conformity, authoritarianism, and destructiveness are the primary escape mechanisms observed in the story. By repressing their individuality in order to meet the demands of their jobs, Turkey and Nippers are prime examples of automaton conformity, which leads to psychological problems and a superficial sense of belonging. Through authoritarianism, the lawyer clings to his religious beliefs and the hierarchical structure of his workplace for security and order, but this escape mechanism disconnects him and prevents him from forming true human connections. Though first concealed by his seemingly automaton conformity, Bartleby's destructiveness becomes more apparent as his passive resistance grows more intense, eventually leading to his self-destructive behavior and eventual demise. However, the last finding emphasizes the need for positive freedom and authentic relationships as means to overcome the alienation perpetuated by capitalist systems.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | SKR.III.05.01.0901-20.03.52.0030 R |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | capitalism, alienation, mechanisms of escape, marxist, psychoanalysis, Erich Fromm |
| Subjects: | P Language and Literature > PE English |
| Faculty / Institution: | Fakultas Bahasa dan Ilmu Budaya |
| Depositing User: | Lisa Noviani Maghfiroh |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Nov 2024 07:44 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Nov 2024 07:44 |
| URI: | https://eprints.unisbank.ac.id/id/eprint/10223 |
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